MAKANAN dengan kandungan purin tinggi akan meningkatkan kadar asam urat dalam tubuh. Salah satunya terkandung dalam minuman ringan (softdrink).
Sebuah penelitian terbaru menyebutkan, mengonsumsi softdrink manis akan memperburuk keadaan. Bahkan, penderita asam urat yang sering mengonsumsi bir akan berisiko sama.
Studi tersebut menyertakan subjek sebanyak 46.393 pria di Kanada. Secara keseluruhan, subjek mengisi lengkap kuesioner tentang diet yang dijalani selama beberapa tahun. Sebanyak 755 pria mengalami kekambuhan asam urat setelah mengonsumsi softdrink manis.
"Bagi penderita yang mengonsumsi softdrink manis akan menaikkan risiko asam urat setinggi 35 persen tiap kali penyajian," ujar salah satu peneliti dari Universitas British Columbia Hyon K Choi MD PhD.
Selanjutnya, peneliti mempersentase berdasarkan frekuensi menenggak minuman. Subjek yang meminum softdrink manis sebanyak dua atau lebih setiap hari akan berisiko mengalami asam urat setinggi 85 persen.
Subjek yang mengonsumsi segelas softdrink setiap hari akan berisiko 45 persen. Adapun subjek yang mengonsumsi lima sampai enam kali tiap minggu akan berisiko mengalami asam urat setinggi 29 persen.
Keluhan akan semakin parah dirasakan pada pria yang mengonsumsi alkohol sebanyak dua sampai empat kali per hari. Risiko tersebut akan naik sekitar 49 persen tiap kali mengonsumsi alkohol.
Ini merupakan studi pertama yang melibatkan jumlah besar tentang hubungan mengonsumsi minuman dan keluhan yang dirasakan penderita.
"Peneliti menemukan jika penderita banyak mengonsumsi fruktosa, risiko yang dialami menjadi dua kali lipat. Risiko ini pula terjadi ketika mengonsumsi minuman manis," lanjut Choi seperti dilansir WebMD.
Spesialis rematik dari Atlanta VA Hospital, Karen Atkinson MD MPH, menyambut baik hasil penelitian. Dia menilai hal itu dianggap terobosan baru tentang jenis minuman yang perlu dihindari.
Seperti diketahui, asam urat disebabkan purin yang berlebihan di dalam tubuh. Penyakit asam urat terjadi ketika cairan tubuh sangat jenuh terhadap asam urat karena kadarnya yang tinggi.
Bila kondisi organ normal, tapi produksi asam urat berlebih, kadar asam urat dalam darah juga meninggi. Akibatnya, asam urat akan mudah mengkristal bila purin tidak dimetabolisme secara sempurna.
"Pemikiran selama ini, makanan tinggi purin meningkatkan risiko asam urat. Setelah dikonsumsi akan langsung menuju ke saluran pencernaan.
Sebenarnya, hasil pemrosesan fruktosa oleh hati yang harus menuju saluran tersebut. Namun, seringkali hal ini tidak disadari," kata Atkinson.
Asisten profesor dari Universitas Emory itu mengingatkan, meskipun penelitian Choi memberikan penjelasan yang gamblang keterkaitan di antara keduanya. Namun, tidak membuktikan apakah dengan mengurangi konsumsi softdrink akan mengurangi risiko asam urat.
"Namun, kebanyakan dokter setuju bahwa minuman tinggi fruktosa tidak mempunyai kandungan nutrisi penting. Sebaiknya tidak terlalu banyak mengonsumsi softdrink dengan kadar gula yang tinggi," tandas Atkinson.
Keluhan nyeri asam urat disertai terjadi pembengkakan di bagian tubuh tertentu. Pengendapan kristal di dalam tubuh dapat menyebabkan pembengkakan pada bagian tubuh tersebut. Jika tidak dirawat dengan baik, mampu merusak sambungan sendi dan nyeri yang kronis.
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